It has been given many famous names, along with Michigan Rummy, Pinochle Rummy, and Persian…Use the joker card smartly: Joker is a powerful card in the Rummy game. In most rounds, this will be the player who dealt the most recently completed hand. To play rummy like a pro, you need. Scoring is the same as regular rummy except that aces are worth 11 points. So, youll be playing with a standard deck of 52 cards. The players draw for deal, low dealing first. To begin play, a card is played from the draw pile face up into the discard pile. Thirty One Rummy is the BEST Thirty One game created for Android. Rummy 500 (also known as Persian Rummy, Pinochle Rummy, 500 Rum, 500 Rummy) is a popular Rummy game which is similar to straight Rummy but distinct in the sense that players may draw more than just the upcard. 1. The goal of the game is to form combinations of 3 or more cards, called melds, to score more points than your opponents. The card game 500 rules, the card game 7 / Uncategorised / Door test41936811 Uncategorised / Door test41936811 The card game 500 rules . Number of Cards Dealt In Indian Rummy, each player is dealt 13 cards, while in the Marriage Rummy, there are 21 cards. Score points by laying down and laying off cards as in regular Rummy, in matched number sets of 3 or 4, and in sequences of 3 or more cards of the same suit. In this variation, the player will deal 11 piles. Rummy 500 is played with 52 deck of playing cards along with 2 jokers that make a total of 54 cards. Since you cannot discard play does not end and you float until your next turn. ConclusionIn the Call Break cash game, scoring is done by points. Each card has a rank and a corresponding value in Rummy. Spades is a trick taking game where teams of players try to be the first to win 500 points in the games. The 3 card Poker game has three betting options: Ante, Play, and Pair Plus. The highest bidder has choice of trump, and can exchange with the "nest/kitty" in order to improve their. In 500 Rummy, players score for the melds they lay down. Your goal is to make a valid statement before your opponents do. 500 Rummy is a famous variant of Indian Rummy, which is stated to have originated from Canasta Rummy. The card game Rummy 500 is typically played with 52 card deck plus the 2 Jokers for a total of 54 cards. A standard deck of 52 cards is used for 2 to 4 players. This article. Joker Rules in Rummy. Game Rules: • The game, like most can be played with 2-4 players • Only one deck with jokers is usedThe Rummy Game. The original Player of a Four with a Joker in it may replace the Joker with the card it represents, but the Joker must then be moved to either end of the Four. Rummy 500 is played with a standard 52 card deck with Jokers. • Intuitive single player gameplay. rummy game, teen patti game aficionados and trusted by over 1 million card lovers in India. Besides sticking to the Call Break rules, keep a keen eye on each card played by your opponents. Run: 3+ consecutive cards of a matching suit. The traditional German Rommé deck comes with 6 jokers, but most French decks only come with 2. However, we recommend sticking to traditional designs so every player can quickly tell the suits apart. This game of War is simple to learn and can be played in about 10 minutes. 3. Buy Now on Amazon Affiliate link / commissions earned ( read disclosure) Quite simply, all you will need to play Joker is a standard deck of cards, not even a full deck of cards at that. A game for 2+ players played with either a standard 52 card deck plus 2 jokers (for 2-4 players) or 2 standard 52 card deck plus 4 jokers (for 5+ players). When creating a meld, jokers may be used as wild cards. Deuces Wild Hold’em. 500 Rummy. The game uses multiple decks of 54 cards and jokers are treated as wild cards. But Rummikub is played with tiles instead of cards. , contain four cards. The wild joker can be used to complete the set: 5♠-5 ♥ -9 ♦ (WJ). Many believe that is game stems from Rummy 500 and Gin Rummy. 10, J, Q, K = 10 points. 14 tiles in groups and/or runs 500: 400: 300: 2. You can also meld sets or add onto existing melds on the table during your turn. It is the most popular type of rummy that is played in the Indian subcontinent, enjoyed mostly at family gatherings or kitty parties, and especially during Diwali. Floating can occur when a full hand is used to meld. All kalooki games are played for only nine rounds. More Jokers, the better your chances of winning at rummy. A wild joker or the joker card is a joker that is chosen randomly from the deck. A printed joker, as the name suggests, has the image of a joker printed on it. When 5 or more people play, two decks shuffled together (108 cards) should be used. replacement card for any other to complete an impure sequence. Though its origin and history is vaguely known, Indian Rummy has been played for many decades now. Floating can occur when a full hand is used to meld. Rummy 500 is a variation on Rummy that can be played with 2 to 4 players. A Concentration card game online is a simple card game with straight rules and measures. Indian rummy is a variation of a rummy game that includes valid sets out of 13 cards that are spread out to every player on the table. It is an unparalleled game play experience! Now with a brand new Online Mutliplayer mode! Compete for Weekly prizes and enjoy…How To Play Rummy Club – In the game of poker, making a suit with 13 cards in your hand can be a sequence or combination of sequences and combinations. Rummy Cards – Ranks and Values. Arlington also. 4-7: 5 points each. One card is given at a time to each player from a 52-card deck when you play the President game. A joker is arbitrarily hand-picked card at the start of every rummy game. Cards are available in games of many genres including Call Break, Texas Hold’em Poker, Indian Card Rummy, checkers and bridge to. How it differs from. One can calculate the probability of winning in an online rummy game even before the first card is played. Flip over the top card of the stack and place it face side up next to the stack. How Many Cards In Hand For Rummy. 500 Rummy is performed with a standard 52 comedian deck plus two jokers, 54 gift in all. Strict Jokers: Using this custom rule, you can neither discard Jokers, nor have two consecutive Jokers in a meld. g. Separate into 2 teams, with each teammate sitting across from one another. Each player gets 10 cards that need to be melded into sequences and/or sets. While the Indian Rummy is played with 1 or 2 decks depending on the number of people, the Marriage Rummy is played with 3 cards. All tiles appear. Rummy consists of a series of deals. Here are some basic terms and jargon that you will encounter in Rummy 500: Melding: The act of laying down a set or a run. 500 is a partnership trick-taking game where players bid to set trump and the number of tricks the team can capture. you win and score as many points as the other player have in cards. Rummy 500 is a card game that is played with a standard 52-card deck. Also known as Pinochle or Persian Rummy. Out of Stock. In books this game is normally called 500 Rum or sometimes Pinochle Rummy (presumably because it shares its target score of 500 with some versions of Pinochle), but in real life it is more often known as 500 Rummy or Rummy 500. For example: 3 hearts, 4 hearts, Joker becomes: 3 hearts, 4 hearts, 5 hearts. A player who first reaches 500+ points is deemed as the winner. Indian Rummy: Indian Rummy is all about drawing and discarding cards. The game begins like the regular variation of rummy, the only exception being the cut. ”. k. If an ace is. If you already have two sequences, use the joker to create your own sequence. US-based games Called Gin Rummy and Rummy 500 and it’s just as fun if not more! Rummy Rumble Board Game BoardGameGeek. If cards of the same value are drawn, suits are used to determine the dealer, in the order spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. To play rummy like a pro, you need to focus. Rummy 500 (sometimes known as 500 Rum, Pinochle Rummy, Persian Rummy or 500 Rummy) is the latest offline card game by Garia Games. g. An easy to learn game, Dehla Pakad in English is known as ‘Collect the Tens’. In a game with a single deck, there can be 5 jokers i. ♠ Personalized cards, backgrounds and avatars ♠ Full tracking on statistics ♠ Auto save and resumable games ♠ Several game options: Playing with bids or not ♠ Classic Spades gameplay with no Jokers ♠ Auto save and resume when you are back Download it NOW - !!Rummy 500. They are not of different suits. What is unique about 21 card rummy is the use of jokers. These card games can be played anywhere in India and thousands of people already make money online doing this. It promises, among many other features, an in-depth database by which players can explore their favourite hands, the most current pro games e. 5/10/15, some versions of Rummy value cards 2-9 = 5 points. With games of 5+ players use two decks. All players make bids on the number of hands they can win before the game begins. 500 Rummy. According to the progressive. tunk. This variant adds four Jokers to the deck for a total of 56 cards. With up to four players, the game is played with a complete 54-card deck (including jokers). Melding Sets. Notice that in the similar card game Rummy, two decks of 52 cards are used, corresponding. Scholars began to debate the origins of the game of rummy – whether it was derived from the Mexican game of Conquen or from the Asian form of mahjong chess (originally called Cone Pai); However, rummy eventually. 500 Rummy. Call Break requires players to quickly calculate the points and bids in their hand, as well as keep track of the points and bids of their opponents. Each Clean Book. 3. Jokers in Threes cannot be moved at all. The goal of Rummy 500 is to score more points by making sets and sequences (runs) and laying the. A key strategy in Rummy 500 is forming melds – valid combinations of cards – in your hand. A Joker can be used as a. 500 Rummy 500 rummy. According to the most commonly played Rummy 500 rules, points are scored for cards that are melded, and points are lost for cards that are not melded (ie deadwood) and remain in a player’s hand when someone goes out. Score points by laying down and laying off cards as in regular Rummy, in matched number sets of 3 or 4, and in sequences of 3 or more cards of the same suit. This description is partly based on a contribution from Kris Huston. When playing the Wild Joker in line with the Joker rules in Rummy in online card games, it is possible to either use them as part of your hand or save them until later in the game. 500 Rummy is played with a standard 52 card deck plus two jokers, 54 cards in all. To play rummy like. Reaching 500 points alone is not sufficient to win the game if the opponents are stilly playing their contract. Swapped Jokers must be played within the same turn. Main Objective: Build required combinations, drop your cards, and finish the game quickly – ideally with empty hands. 200+ bought in past month. Jokers: When players play rummy with Jokers, a joker can be used as a substitute for another card and the players can use them in place of. Real Money Games. The dealer of a game round gets to decide 1 of 3 different qualities that the joker card will have: Wild Card. [5] Some attribute it to the British slang word rum, meaning odd, strange, or queer. Its 60+ variations are a standing testament to its global appeal. Keep a sharp eye on the cards your opponents are picking and discarding, as this can give you insights into their strategies in real rummy. The players who lose receive penalty points equal to the value of the cards they have in hand at the end of the deal. Now, play Rummy 500 multiplayer games online with players across the world. If 5 or more players are playing then a second. Plus, enjoying the best card. For instance, if 8 ♣ is selected, then 8s from all. A seen Joker is revealed to all players, while an unseen Joker is kept hidden until the end of the round. Declaration can be made without using a joker if valid sets and sequences exist. Pinochle (AKA 500 Rummy or Persian Rummy) The objective in most rummy games is to get the lowest score, but Pinochle works the opposite way. . We start with a pack of the standard deck of 52. Apply for Admissions; AnuragCET resultsMelds. Deuces Wild Rummy or Joker Rummy, Contract Rummy is played with. Each joker counts as 20 points, and jokers may not be used in sequences or as wild cards, but only in groups of three or four jokers. Each tile displays a number ranging from 1 to 13, in four colors: black, blue, yellow and red. Also known as Blitz, Big Tonka, Scat and Cadillac,. Indian Rummy is also known as 13 Card Rummy, as it utilizes 13 cards per player. If you have a pure sequence but no second combination, construct the second pattern first with accessible jokers. Rummy 500 (also known as Persian Rummy, Pinochle Rummy, 500 Rum, 500 Rummy) is a popular Rummy game which is similar to straight Rummy but distinct in the sense that players may draw more than just the upcard from the discard pile. Rummy 500 is a game for 2 to 8 players. The primary role of jokers in rummy is to assist players in completing sets and sequences. One of the Rummy 500 card game most popular card games, Rummy 500 card game by OENGINES GAMES, Non-Stop rummy offline fun is finally here. For example, if you're playing with 6 people, use 5. Different. The upper and lower jokers must be of the same suite as the cut-joker. Make a Pure Sequence. 8-King: 10 points each. Clicking on this option allows you to drop out of the current online card games. It is widely believed to be a combination of popular US-based games called Gin Rummy and Rummy 500 and is just as much fun if not more! This game is also a favorite at kitty parties, marriage functions, fiestas and even in local trains. Are jokers wild in 500 rummy? While the basic game play is similar to Rummy, the scoring of Rummy 500 is. The gamble is possible for any figure of players from 2 to about 8. to declare rummy, you need to match your cards so you. randomly selected card at the beginning of each Rummy Game. Red threes count 100 points toward your score if they are on the table and 100 points against your score if they are in hand. A kot is awarded to a team that takes four tens in a Dehla Pakad Game Online. Persian Rummy. e. The dealer gives himself 14 cards, and. Variations Of Rummy 500 Rules. The game is played by 2 players using one standard card deck. Apart from the 13 card and 21 card variants that are hosted in Junglee Rummy, there are some variants like Contract Rummy, Rummy 500, Shanghai Rummy etc that are played in different parts of the world. Rules for the discard deck, taking it up into one’s hand, and melding are all the same as in Fortune Rummy. Canasta. In Rotating Jokers Teen Patti, players are dealt three cards and must use their cards, along with the Joker(s), to create the best possible hand. This variant adds four Jokers to the deck for a total of 56 cards. Each deal is played in turns. The most important factor in winning Rummy 500 is to get at least one meld on the table as quickly as possible. A Joker can be used as a. You can do this by playing cards to the table, in. This is another form of 500 Partnership Rummy. canasta. Free play, no installation. A seen Joker is revealed to all players, while an unseen Joker is kept hidden until the end of the round. e. The game includes 106 tiles: 104 colored number tiles, plus 2 jokers. Scoring in Contract Rummy is different from other variations of the rummy game. Forming Melds. Also known as, 500 Rum, 500 Rummy, Michigan Rummy, Persian Rummy, or Pinochle Rummy, several Rummy variants have been developed from Rummy 500. It is an exciting trick taking game of played right can make you win plenty of money. It requires two decks of cards with the jokers removed. Jok-R-ummy ® is a trademark by. 2. For example, a set of 6♣ 6♣ – Joker is legal, whereas 6♣-Joker – Joker is illegal. How To Play Two Player Rummy – In rummy, the goal is to make special combinations with the 13 cards in your hand, which can be all sequences or combinations of sequences and sets. At the beginning of a deal, each player is dealt 13 cards. Aces. Indian Card Online Rummy Game is played using a standard 52 card deck with a minimum of two and a maximum of six. It is the simple things that add the most to life’s great tapestry, and gin rummy is one of those great simple things. The Rummy 500 points system is simple to understand and execute. Part of the Melding Family of card games, players strive to play (a. com. Contract Rummy. This card can be used to replace any missing card, creating an impure set or sequence. positive. Live the exciting world of Liverpool Rummy, a variant of the classic rummy, beloved for its strategic depth and competitive spirit. One of the most popular variations of Rummy, 500 Rummy, is a card game that uses a French deck of 52 playing cards. There exists a wide variety of the best card games available to play online, including classic Solitaire, Pinochle, Indian Card Rummy, Dehla Pakad and Whist. Rummy Variations Indian Rummy Pool Rummy Deals Rummy Gin Rummy Dummy Rummy Points Rummy 500 Rummy 21 Card Rummy 13 Card Rummy Joker Rummy Contract Rummy Canasta Rummy. In each round, players must make consecutive sets. 15 points each RULES OF RUMMY 500 LIVE For each card player lays off, score increases, and if player has any cards left when the round is over, the value of these deducted as penalty points from the total. Gameplay without Jokers, Rummy was originally played without Jokers. The object of this game is to be the first team to reach 300 or 500 points. 51 Pool Rummy Game is a card game that can be played with two to four players by a total of 2 decks used including Jokers. Playing without jokers: Rummy 500 was originally played withoutwild cards, and it certainly can still be played that way now. Rotating Jokers. It is considered as an extension of gin rummy and 500 rummy. Real Money Games. How to Play 500? The 500 Card Game is played using a modified version of the 54-card Anglo-American Joker pattern deck. 500 Rummy is played with a standard 52 card deck plus dual jokers, 54 cards with whole. The players who lose receive penalty points equal to the value of the cards they have in hand at the end of the deal. In specific variants of the card game rummy, you cannot. When 5 or more people start, twos decks shuffled. The Comprehensive Rules for Rummy. Amongst a wide range of existing card games, Rummy has become quite popular with people from all age groups. Brybelly Michigan Rummy: A Royal Game of Hearts, Poker & Rummy – Betting & Bluffing Board Game – Classic Family Card Game for Adults & Kids – 200 Poker Chips, 24" x 24" Mat & Custom Card Deck. The object of the game is to be the first player to declare rummy. Rummy 500, card game is played using a single standard 52 card deck, including one joker. The aim of the game is to collect as many 10-point cards as possible. For example, Cards melded=100. Rummy 500 is a game for 2 to 8 players. Setting up a game of Rummy 500 is straightforward: Gather the players around a table or flat playing surface. Then there are the Joker cards, which. Rummy 500: Depending on the established regulations, the aces in Rummy 500, played with several decks, may have varying values. 4: Join a Rummy Game: Players can join a rummy game of their choice. RANK OF CARDS: A (15 points), K-Q-J (10 pts),10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2 TYPE OF GAME: Rummy THE DEAL: 500 Rummy is. In this rummy game, all discards are accessible for drawing. Out of the two sequences, at least one must be a pure sequence. Since the 1950s, German and Austrian packs have included three Jokers to play German Rummy. However, to play with more than 4 people: simply add another deck for each two additional Players. Rummy 500 is played with a 52-card deck and 2 jokers (54 cards total). Joker’s value is 0 points and discarded joker can’t be picked by others, , Max 5 jokers in a single-deck game. Aces (high card)- 15 points; Ace ( low card)- 9 points; Joker (wildcard) – 15 points. The top card of the stock is turned face up and becomes the first card of the discard pile. Declaring Rummy without Joker. A joker is used as a substitute for the missing card while forming a set or/a sequence in rummy. 13 Card Rummy. A wild joker can be used to make a pure sequence only if it is of the same suit and consecutive rank. Share Article: Recent posts. How Much Are Jokers Worth In Rummy – In the game of rummy, the goal is to make a unique set with 13 cards in your hand, which can be any sequence or combination of sequences and sets. This game is played by four players in two fixed pairs, with the goal of acquiring as many tens as possible in tricks to win kots. Rummy is a shedding game: You receive handcards at the beginning of the round, and the remaining cards become the face-down stock. Use two 52-card decks and add in 1 Joker, for a total of 105 cards - all 2's and Jokers are wild cards. In rummy, there are two types of jokers: printed jokers and wild jokers. heart (♥) club (♣) spade (♠) and diamond (♦) These playing card symbols have diverse meanings for different individuals. It's a great game for family gatherings, parties, or just a night in with friends. Rummy 500 is typically played with two decks of standard playing cards, including the Jokers. Some of the rummy Joker rules are: No more than 2 jokers can be used to complete a set. In order to play rummy like. Some people believe that red suits symbolize happiness while black suits signify melancholy. 21 Card Rummy is played as the traditional Rummy keeping in mind the standard gameplay of picking and. Graduation Day for 2019 -2023 Batch Date- August 12, 2023. Play. To win the rummy game a player must make a valid declaration by picking and discarding cards from the two piles given. The game has been around for hundreds of years and is still played today. So, there is one joker per deck. The basic object of the Call Break Multiplayer game is to score the most points by winning tricks. How To Play 10 Card Rummy Read More »Spades is a trick-based card game for 4 players. If you’re someone who doesn’t know how to perform hand analysis well in online rummy games, then this article is exclusively for you. If cards of the same value are drawn, suits are used to determine the dealer, in the order spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. In the case of 2 deck-rummy games, players use two jokers get. 5. If you have two cards of the same rank, say 5♠ and 5 ♥, and you pick a wild joker (9 ♦ is the wild joker for that game) on your next turn. Find Theatres & Showtimes Near Me. Win Big with Online Rummy: Play and Earn Real Cash Prizes. If the cut-joker is a 4♦, then the upper joker is the 5♦ and the lower joker is the 3♦. This helps players develop their mental math skills and the ability to think quickly. If you are dealt any twos or jokers, you can use them in your meld, but there cannot be more of these “wild cards” than cards with “real” values. Each player is dealt a hand of 13 cards from a 52 card deck. Indian Rummy. 2-4 players can participate in it, starting with 14 Tiles. The game is possible for any number of players from 2 to regarding 8. Rummy consists of a series of deals. Rummy 500 has been designed to offer a smooth and relaxing game play without any interruptions. Other players add up their hands and reduce that from their total score for that round. Each player still gets 10 cards, but the kitty increases to five cards (six with two jokers). Jokers should remain in the decks in the game. These are described separately on the 5000 Rummy page. Cards in hand=70. In Rotating Jokers Teen Patti, players are dealt three cards and must use their cards, along with the Joker(s), to create the best possible hand. Players sitting across from each other are partners on the same team. Jokers are worth 20 points when melded, or -20 points each if held in hand at the end of. There are 2 jokers in the card game Indian Rummy. The game is played with a standard deck of 52 cards and can be played with 2-8 players. A MAN CALLED OTTO Trailer 66,975 views:. What is the best strategy for playing Rummy with Jokers? Employ advanced strategies in Rummy with Jokers, including tricky combinations, discard tactics, and awareness of opponents’ cards. Pinochle (AKA 500 Rummy or Persian Rummy) The objective in most rummy games is to get the lowest score, but Pinochle works the opposite way. 2. Indian Rummy. Indian Rummy Rules. A Player must meet the minimum melding requirement laid out. 500 Rummy. Jokers may only be melded in groups of Jokers (they are not wild cards and can not be melded in any other manner). Here’s a good start for you. Each player is dealt a certain number of cards from the deck. How Many Types Of Rummy Games. In order to play Rummy 500, you are going to need a few simple materials. In any variation of rummy, the purpose is to create melds, which can be sets or pure sequences. Rummy 500 is typically played with two decks of standard playing cards, including the Jokers. 13 Card Rummy. C'est une variation du rummy (rami) que certains appellent Joker Rummy. Compete with tricky computer opponents, or play relaxing rounds with friends or family in online mode!Game. Compete with tricky computer opponents, or play relaxing rounds with friends or family in online mode!Game. It is important to know where each Joker ranks in the other player’s hand so you can make the most strategic choices. [1] 2. This tip is, especially, helpful in the case of online rummy games. If the Joker card is the 6 of hearts, the remaining 6s in the deck, such as spades, clubs, and diamonds, can be utilised to make sets. Rummy 500 offers flexibility in its player count. According to the rummy card game's regulations, there are two sorts of joker cards. 13 Card Rummy. How to Play 500? The 500 Card Game is played using a modified version of the 54-card Anglo-American Joker pattern deck. When playing with five players, each player gets six cards. 500 Rummy - Card Game Play500 Rummy (sometimes called 500 Rum) is a member of the Rummy family for 2–8 players. Joker Rules. Printed Jokers: Jokers that have ‘Joker’ printed on them from the packs of cards ; Now, let’s take a look at an example of a sequence and a. The game is possible fork any numbers of gaming from 2 in about 8. How to Play 500? The 500 Card Game is played using a modified version of the 54-card Anglo-American Joker pattern deck. In a 2 player game each player gets 13 cards, in a 3+ player game each player gets 7 cards. This is called “going out backward. 500 rum is played using a standard French deck and can use 52 cards, or 53-54 cards including one or two jokers. To have an optimal chance of winning in a Rummy Game, it’s always a good idea to keep a nice hand full of Jokers in your hand at any given time. Rummy 500 Live - Fast, online and super-fun Play the most thrilling rummy 500 card game with online players. Blackjack rummy is played with 4 to 6 decks of cards, minus the jokers. Play Card Games & Make Money Online. Some groups have other permanent wild cards such as tens or one-eyed jacks. This combo of rummy and mahjong is played with 106 Tiles. In Joker Rummy, one card is randomly selected from the remaining deck after the first card. Rummy. In fact, this is the game that many people. In addition, any three cards of the same rank may form a set regardless of suit, and therefore a set formed of A-A-A is a valid set. 3 decks for up to 6 Players, 4 decks for up to 8, etc. The pack is 42-43 cards, made by discarding the twos, threes, and black fours from a 52 card. The printed joker has a joker or clown printed on it and is already in the deck, whereas a wild joker is selected randomly at the beginning of each game. About Spades. A joker is arbitrarily hand-picked card at the start of every rummy game. A joker card’s value is the 0 points in the hand. The deck for this rummy version utilizes 106 cards where two of the four jokers are removed from the deck. Instead of the player who lays off all of their cards first getting the tallied points of the losers' remaining hands, all players are eligible for winning points once a player lays off their cards. Rummy 3D Premium - Realistic 3D Rummy simulation with singleplayer, multiplayer and tutorial. Rummikub is played with 106 tiles, consisting of 104 coloured number tiles (red, yellow, black or blue) and 2 joker tiles. The wild joker and printed joker can extend any impure sequence. 500 Rummy can be played with 2 to 8 players, but it is ideally played with 3 to 5 players. [1] 2.